NIBIN Entry/Correlation and Crime Gun Tracing

The forensic laboratory/NIBIN site plays an important role in the crime gun intelligence process. These locations are responsible for the entry of ballistic evidence into the NIBIN system and determining potential matches or NIBIN leads. ATF’s national network allows a submitted cartridge case to be digitally imaged and auto-correlated against all other images previously entered. In most instances, auto-correlation is conducted at a regional level spanning numerous jurisdictions but it can, in appropriate circumstances, be conducted nationally. Once auto- correlation occurs, specialists review the results to make human-eye determination of potential matches or NIBIN Leads. ATF’s NIBIN National Correlation and Training Center (NNCTC), which currently conducts correlation reviews for 31 NIBIN sites representing 183 law enforcement agencies, has a 98.9% confirmation rate for all NIBIN Leads generated. The NNCTC is expanding over the next two years to eventually service all NIBIN sites throughout the United States freeing up assets at local sites and allowing them to focus on timely collection and entry of evidence. Since the program’s inception in 1999, NIBIN partners have captured approximately 3.7 million acquisitions of ballistic evidence and have generated more than 137,000 NIBIN leads, but the true performance metric of NIBIN is the successful arrest and prosecution of shooters.

In traditional forensic firearms examinations, cases would be submitted and fall into a backlog, awaiting full examination. Each case, prioritized based on violent crime level and trial dates, would eventually be analyzed. Lower level, non-violent cases, or those not going to trial may take months or years to be analyzed. Typically, evidence was submitted into NIBIN at the end of this process.

In the past, NIBIN leads were generated, too often, twelve to eighteen months after recovery. This approach is not an efficient or effective use of resources. It minimizes or misses critical investigative leads. Several successful major city police departments, including those with ISO 17025 accredited crime labs, have developed streamlined workflows to screen firearms evidence, better use their resources, and maintain all quality standards. These sites share the following suggested features:

• Accept all submitted firearms related evidence suitable for NIBIN (crime guns for test fire and fired cartridge cases).
• As appropriate, collect any other forensic evidence, prior to NIBIN processing.
• Identify all high confidence correlations (NIBIN Leads), perform technical review, and release the lead to the Crime Gun Intelligence Center (CGIC).
  • Individual agencies may develop practices about whether they wish to have a forensic examiner confirm all NIBIN leads or to do so only upon request.

The critical key is to implement processes that combine all relevant forensic practices, while maintaining timely notification of NIBIN leads. There are a number of innovative and proven methods of accomplishing this. Viable options include:

• DNA swabbing of the firearm in the field by trained crime scene or law enforcement personnel.
• Prioritization and timely processing of firearms and firearms evidence for fingerprints and DNA. In this context, processing refers to sample recovery. The firearms evidence can be streamlined into a workflow, where appropriate forensic evidence is collected, and the firearms evidence is quickly returned to the firearms unit/NIBIN site.
  • Recovered forensic evidence can be stored for future analyses or immediately submitted to the appropriate unit, depending on agency policies.
  • Latent print and DNA recovery is possible on firearms. This is an agency specific policy, which should be developed in conjunction with your forensic service provider.
  • Based on available recovery data, most forensic laboratories do not attempt to recover latent prints from fired cartridge cases.
  • Use test fire processes for NIBIN entry that are not disruptive to potential trace evidence.
• Recent advances in DNA technology allow for the possible recovery of DNA from fired cartridge cases. This is agency specific, which should be developed in conjunction with your forensic service provider. If adopted, the collection of DNA should be done a timely manner with any FCCs returned to the firearms unit/NIBIN site for entry.